The author's overall purpose in the passage is "to discuss how people give up certain freedoms when forming a society."
The question passage deals with the second treatise written by John Locke in the 17th century.
In the passage, John Locke explained that human beings are naturally made for the state of nature where the law of nature rules and governs the people's affairs.
However, due to unsafe and uncertain situations the state of nature brings to humans, despite the freedoms they enjoy, humans had to give up certain freedoms when forming a society.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that John Locke is one of the prominent philosophers that described the modern human societies were formed.
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