Passive transport is the net movement of substances down a concentration gradient that does not require metabolic energy. Active transport is the movement of substances up a concentration gradient that requires energy.
Both active transport and passive transport occurs in cells. Active transport involves the movement of materials against concentration gradient. This process requires energy.
Passive transport involves the movement of materials in line with concentration gradient. This process does not requires energy. The exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the cell wall involves active transport.
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