Answer:
Going by the definition, pioneer species are hardy species which establish themselves in a disrupted ecosystem and trigger the process of ecological succession. These include species like algae, lichens, and mosses, which grow in poor, nutrient-deficient soil, and put up with extreme conditions with immense ease. Most pioneer plants are annuals, i.e., species with a life-cycle of a year, which eventually give way to the emergence of perennials.
Explanation:
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