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Although the path of one glucose molecule through glycolysis generates a total of four ATP molecules, there is a net gain
of only two ATP for each glucose molecule that enters the pathway.
Why does the passage of one glucose molecule through glycolysis have a payoff of only two ATP molecules?

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Glycolysis is the first step of both types of cellular respiration (both aerobic and anaerobic respiration). It is a metabolic pathway that does not require oxygen to produce energy.

  • Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts one molecule of glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvic acid (also known as pyruvate ).

  • The net result of Glycolysis is the formation of two molecules of NADH, two ATP, and two pyruvates.

  • During Glycolysis, one glucose molecule produces four ATP.

  • However, the first stage of Glycolysis requires two molecules of ATP in order to phosphorylate glucose (substrate-level phosphorylation).

  • In consequence, two ATP molecules are used in the initial phase of glycolysis, reducing the net gain to two ATP.

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