Respuesta :
Independent variables cause an effect in another variable (acidity, pH). Dependent variables respond on any change in the independent one (solubility). Confusing variables can influence the results if not controlled (temperature, pressure, surface contact).
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Before conducting an experiment, first, the researcher needs to identify the study groups –experimental and control groups- and the variables involved.
- Independent (manipulated) variable: Refers to all the variables in an experiment that provoke a response in another variable. The researcher changes it on purpose to observe the response of the dependent variable.
- Dependent variable: Refers to the variable, which response depends on any change in the independent variable. The response might be proportional or inversely proportional to the change in the manipulated variable.
Usually, many factors influence or affect the response of the dependent variables. Most of them are not of interest to the researcher.
- Confusing variables or confusing factors are closely related to both the dependent and the independent variables, but they are not of interest in themselves. These factors might mask the actual effects of the independent variables on the dependent one, causing miss interpretations of the results.
The researcher needs to identify all possible confusing variables and keep them constant.
- Controlled variables are kept constant in the control groups and the experimental groups. Unlike the independent variable, the controlled variables do not influence the results. These variables do not affect the response of the dependent variable.
For instance. You want to study the relationship between solubility and acidity.
- The independent variable is acidity, which is one of the factors that affect solubility.
- Solubility is the dependent variable, which responds to the acidity of the solvent.
But solubility also depends on many other factors, such as surface contact, temperature, pressure, and agitation. They are not of interest in this study, but if you do not get to control them, you will not be able to discriminate the effects of pH from the effects of all these factors.
These are confusing factors, and you need to keep them constant in all your study groups. Only then you will see the real effects of pH on solubility.
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Answer:
Independent variables influence another variable (acidity, pH). Dependent variables react to changes in the independent variable (solubility). If variables are not controlled, they can have an impact on the results (temperature, pressure, surface contact).Before beginning an experiment, the researcher must first identify the study groups (experimental and control groups) as well as the variables involved. All variables in an experiment that cause a response in another variable are referred to as independent (manipulated) variables. The researcher deliberately alters it in order to observe the response of the dependent variable. The dependent variable is the variable whose response is affected by changes in the independent variable. The response could be proportional or inversely proportional to the manipulated variable's change.Many factors usually influence or affect the response of the dependent variables. The majority of them are uninteresting to the researcher. Confusing variables or confusing factors are related to both the dependent and independent variables, but they are uninteresting in and of themselves. These factors may obscure the actual effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable, leading to incorrect interpretations of the results. The researcher must identify and maintain all potentially confusing variables. Controlled variables are held constant in both the control and experimental groups. Unlike the independent variable, the controlled variables have no effect on the outcome. These variables have no effect on the dependent variable's response.As an example. You'd like to investigate the relationship between solubility and acidity. One of the factors that affect solubility is acidity, which is an independent variable. The dependent variable is solubility, which is affected by the acidity of the solvent. However, solubility is affected by a variety of other factors, including surface contact, temperature, pressure, and agitation. They are not relevant to this study, but if you do not control them, you will be unable to distinguish the effects of pH from the effects of all of these factors. These are perplexing factors, and you must maintain them in all of your study groups. Only then will you be able to see the true effects of pH on solubility.
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