The key idea examined in Kipling's work is option a. imperialism.
Rudyard Kipling was a proud Briton. He wanted to enlist in the British Army, but couldn't because of his poor eyesight. He celebrated British imperialism in his tales, and poems about the British soldiers that served in India. He criticized the British Government for not taking care of soldiers once they came back from the front. Veterans were ill-treated, according to Kipling.
