The line is an example of assonance.
Assonance is a poetical device that consists of the repetition of vowel sounds in multiple words that are in close proximity. This device helps create internal rhymes, that is, rhymes inside the sentence rather than only at the sentence's ending.
In the particular line we are analyzing here, the repetition of the vowel sound is represented by the same letter in all words:
The mad cat had a bad scratch.
See how they all sound and look similar? However, different letters may represent the same sound. So, what we are looking for to classify something as assonance is sound, not spelling. Take "sheikh" and "bake", for example. The same sound is represented by "ei" and "a" respectively.
In conclusion, the line provided in the question is an example of assonance due to the repetition of a vowel sound that creates internal rhyme.
Learn more about assonance and other devices here:
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