Answer:
c. genetically modified organisms (paragraphs 1 and 2)
Explanation:
In that passage, genetically modified organisms are formally defined. The reader is told that these kinds of organisms have had their DNA altered in order to achieve certain traits that will not be seen in other similar species. Genes possessing those particular traits are introduced through technologies like Recombinant DNA technology or Reproductive cloning.
A formal definition gives an official explanation to a term while an informal definition gives a subjective explanation.
