Respuesta :
Answer:
0.9910 = 99.10% probability that a sample of 170 steady smokers spend between $19 and $21
Step-by-step explanation:
To solve this question, we need to understand the normal probability distribution and the central limit theorem.
Normal Probability Distribution:
Problems of normal distributions can be solved using the z-score formula.
In a set with mean [tex]\mu[/tex] and standard deviation [tex]\sigma[/tex], the z-score of a measure X is given by:
[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}[/tex]
The Z-score measures how many standard deviations the measure is from the mean. After finding the Z-score, we look at the z-score table and find the p-value associated with this z-score. This p-value is the probability that the value of the measure is smaller than X, that is, the percentile of X. Subtracting 1 by the p-value, we get the probability that the value of the measure is greater than X.
Central Limit Theorem
The Central Limit Theorem estabilishes that, for a normally distributed random variable X, with mean [tex]\mu[/tex] and standard deviation [tex]\sigma[/tex], the sampling distribution of the sample means with size n can be approximated to a normal distribution with mean [tex]\mu[/tex] and standard deviation [tex]s = \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}[/tex].
For a skewed variable, the Central Limit Theorem can also be applied, as long as n is at least 30.
Mean of 20, standard deviation of 5:
This means that [tex]\mu = 20, \sigma = 5[/tex]
Sample of 170:
This means that [tex]n = 170, s = \frac{5}{\sqrt{170}}[/tex]
What is the probability that a sample of 170 steady smokers spend between $19 and $21?
This is the p-value of Z when X = 21 subtracted by the p-value of Z when X = 19.
X = 21
[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}[/tex]
By the Central Limit Theorem
[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{s}[/tex]
[tex]Z = \frac{21 - 20}{\frac{5}{\sqrt{170}}}[/tex]
[tex]Z = 2.61[/tex]
[tex]Z = 2.61[/tex] has a p-value of 0.9955
X = 19
[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{s}[/tex]
[tex]Z = \frac{19 - 20}{\frac{5}{\sqrt{170}}}[/tex]
[tex]Z = -2.61[/tex]
[tex]Z = -2.61[/tex] has a p-value of 0.0045
0.9955 - 0.0045 = 0.9910
0.9910 = 99.10% probability that a sample of 170 steady smokers spend between $19 and $21
