Genetic drift refers to a random change in the allelic frequency of a population through many generations. The founder effect is an especial case of genetic drift. Yes, the resistance allele was also at the Original Farm.
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Before answering, let us review some framworks.
- Genetic drift is an evolutive force.
- It is the random change that occurs in the allelic frequency of a population through generations.
- Its effects are harder in a small-sized population, meaning that the magnitude of this change is inversely related to the size of the original population.
- Genetic drift results in some alleles loss -including the beneficial ones-, while some other alleles get fixated. Low-frequency alleles are the most likely to be lost.
- The changes produced by genetic drift accumulate in time and results in a loss of genetic variability within a population.
- Genetic drift affects a population and reduces its size dramatically due to a disaster or pressure -bottleneck effect- or because of a population split -founder effect-.
- Founder effect refers to the origin of a new population from only a few individuals that are coming from a bigger-sized population.
- These founder individuals, which are carrying some of the genes of the original population, might or might not be genetically representative of the original one.
- Some rare alleles might be exceeded or might be lost by complete.
- In these situations, genetic variability is reduced, and there exists the possibility of developing a peculiar allelic composition.
The exposed example refers to a founder effect -genetic drift- event.
Some chickens were taken from the original population to another farm.
Bacteria in these chikens could or could not be genetically representative of their original population.
What does it mean?
It means that probably the allele that causes resistance was present in the original population.
Individuals carrying the allele were taken to the new farm where it randomly increased its frequency.
So in the new farm the new population expresses a high frequency of the resistant allele.
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