A 50-year-old man became lethargic and drowsy with flushed dry skin after eating a large meal. His family became concerned when he was difficult to rouse, and he had a fruity odor to his breath. He was transported to an emergency facility, where he gave a history of extreme thirst, hunger, and frequent urination. He recently had an upper-respiratory infection that was slow to clear. Adult-onset diabetes mellitus is suspected.

Required:
Which blood test would be ordered?

A fasting blood sugar test or a glycated hemoglobin test is ordered in such situations. Additionally, tests to determine the insulin level as well as an ophthalmic investigation to determine diabetic retinopathy are ordered. Blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dl is classified as normal. A person is pre-disposed to diabetes if his blood sugar level is between 100-125 mg/dl.

A confirmed case of diabetes mellitus will have a fasting blood sugar level, 126 mg/dl and higher. Insulin administration and a proper management of diet are essential in managing the condition.