Answer:
1. B- gross primary productivity minus amount of organic material...
2. D- Increases
3. B- by observing cellular respiration under the absence of light
4. D- dead organisms and waste are recycled throughout the trophic levels.
5. C- the rate that plants and other photosynthetic...
Explanation:
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The amount of energy that is available to organisms above producers is equal to the gross primary productivity minus the amount of organic material used in respiration (Option D).
Producers (e.g, plants, algae) are all autotrophic organisms at the first trophic level of the food chain in a particular ecosystem.
Gross primary productivity refers to the net amount of carbon fixed by producers in a particular ecosystem.
Moreover, the net primary productivity refers to the net amount of carbon dioxide that is fixed by producers (i.e., organic material) in an ecosystem minus the amount of organic material that is used for metabolic activities, i.e., during cellular respiration.
Therefore, the net primary productivity (NPP) can be estimated as the gross primary productivity (GPP) minus respiration rate (R):
In conclusion, the amount of energy that is available to organisms above producers is equal to the gross primary productivity minus the amount of organic material used in respiration (Option D).
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