1) The author means that the campaign for president is starting to come to a heated ending or the candidates are trying as hard as they can to win.
2)They disagree on building a border. Trump wants to build a border and deport all illegals, while Clinton is focusing more on public safety from suspected immigrants.
3)The government uses tax money by building new structures, and enforcing the law.
4)U.S. Air crafts have been bombing/launching attacks on ISIS bases in Syria, Additionally over 4,500 U.S. Soldiers are in Syria to support and train local forces against ISIS.
5)This one you will have to do yourself... My opinion is the one about ISIS, They're launching attacks on innocent people and killing thousands of families along the way, not to mention they're torturing people just to try and scare the U.S. and other countries.
Hope I helped...