Answer:
Native American population declined as a result of disease and warfare (leading to “mourning wars” between Native American tribes). Many Native Americans were enslaved and/or subjected to forced labor (the encomienda system). Traditional tribal economies changed as a result of increased trade with Europeans. Native Americans and Europeans began to intermarry in Spanish and French colonies, producing racially mixed populations and caste systems. Some Native Americans converted to Christianity. The introduction of new crops and livestock into Native American societies changed settlement patterns. Domestic animals brought by Europeans changed the environment and destroyed Native American crops. Views on gender roles, family, and property changed as a result of European influence. The introduction of guns, other weapons, and alcohol stimulated cultural and demographic changes in some Native American societies. Alliances with European nations changed politics and policies within and among tribes.
