contestada

A child on a bridge throws a rock straight down to the water below. The point where the child released the rock is 74 m above the water and it took 2.7 s for the rock to reach the water. Determine the rock's velocity (magnitude & direction) at the moment the child released it. Also determine the rock's velocity (magnitude & direction) at the moment it reached the water. Ignore air drag.

Respuesta :

The rock's altitude y at time t, thrown with initial velocity v, is given by

[tex]y=74\,\mathrm m+vt-\dfrac12gt^2[/tex]

where [tex]g=9.80\frac{\rm m}{\mathrm s^2}[/tex] is the acceleration due to gravity.

After t = 2.7 s, the rock reaches the water (0 altitude), so

[tex]0=74\,\mathrm m+v(2.7\,\mathrm s)-\dfrac12g(2.7\,\mathrm s)^2[/tex]

[tex]\implies v=-\dfrac{74\,\mathrm m-\frac g2(2.7\,\mathrm s)^2}{2.7\,\mathrm s}\approx-14.177\dfrac{\rm m}{\rm s}[/tex]

so the rock was thrown with a velocity with magnitude 14 m/s and downward direction.

Its velocity at time t is [tex]v-gt[/tex] (with no horizontal component), so that at the moment it hits the water, its velocity is

[tex]v-g(2.7\,\mathrm s)\approx-40.637\dfrac{\rm m}{\rm s}[/tex]

That is, its final velocity has an approximate magnitude of 41 m/s, also directed downward.