In the experiment described in the question, the independent variable is the temperature of the ball.
When designing an experiment, we can identify three kinds of variables:
- Independent
- Control
- Dependent
The control variables in the experiment described are the height at which each ball is dropped and the balls being used for each of the tests. These are the control variables because they remain constant through each of the tests.
The dependent variable is the one we will seek to measure in any experiment. Since the goal of the experiment described is to measure the bounce height, this will be the dependent variable in this experiment.
Finally, the independent variable is the one that will not be affected by the other variables but is in turn what we use to affect the others. In this experiment, the independent variable is the temperature of the ball given that this value does not depend on any of the other variables of the experiment.
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