The only type of sentence that can begin with the word “because” in formal writing is d) cause and effect. In order for your sentence to not be a fragment it has to be a complete thought. Your sentence setup would be “because (cause), (effect).” The sentence can’t be simple because it has to have two parts to explain your reasoning (your because) and your main point. Exclamatory and interrogative COULD work but they are not the best answer choices. It would be difficult to make grammatically correct two part questions and exclamations that start with because. Also a question could not start with “because” because that would give away your answer before asking the question and it would sound really weird.
