The idea that Earth orbits the sun is referred to as the Copernican model of the solar system, because of the scientist who first proposed it.
Copernican heliocentrism is the astronomical model that evolved with the aid of Nicolaus Copernicus and was published in 1543. This model located the sun in the middle of the Universe, immobile, with Earth and the opposite planets orbiting around it in circular paths, changed by means of epicycles, and at uniform speeds.
Even though Copernicus' model solved a few troubles, its loss of accuracy in predicting planetary positions kept it from turning broadly standard as better than the Ptolemaic version.
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