THE KOHLBERG DILEMMAS
PART A: How does the first dilemma illustrate how familial relationships can affect our actions and decision-making?
A.
The first dilemma presents a situation between a father and son, evaluating their obligations based on this relationship; family ties thus affect our decisions (regardless of outcome) for they are based in complex, deep-rooted ideas such as authority, loyalty, love, etc.
B.
The first dilemma presents a situation between father and son, showing how family relationships or love do not affect decisions; one should disregard family ties in a dilemma because they are essentially meaningless.
C.
The first dilemma presents a situation between father and son, showing (through the father's bad example) how a parent is obligated to put a child's needs before theirs; thus family ties affect only parental decisions, encouraging self-sacrifice.

The first dilemma presents a situation between a father and son, evaluating their obligations based on this relationship; family ties thus affect our decisions (regardless of outcome) for they are based in complex, deep-rooted ideas such as authority, loyalty, love, etc.

Explanation:

The reasons behind this answer are that the first level of the Kohlberg dilemmas says that a child regulates its behavior based on the obedience and punishment orientation the adults set for them. In our case we can see abuse of authority, expecting loyalty, and obedience. Therefore, Joe experiences the second stage of the first level when the child believes that there is no absolute truth and that situations can be viewed from different points.