Answer:
"by the time" and "had already"
Explanation:
When we use the phrase "by the time," we usually imply that "by the time" something happened, something else had already occurred. This gives the impression of several things happening at the same time. On the other hand, by saying "had already," we imply that something happened quickly before something else. Both of these give a feeling of quick action to the text, and thus convey an urgent tone.
