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Using complete sentences, identify and explain at least three reasons why the Spanish were able to defeat the Aztec and Inca empires.

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Answer:

Sample Response: The Aztec and Inca empires were among the largest and most advanced civilizations of their time. With the empires’ vast land holdings and populations in the millions, it is amazing that the Spanish were able to cause the fall of the empires in a matter of years. Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro were the two men credited with toppling these empires. One of the early advantages for both was that the Aztec and Inca emperors welcomed them into their respective cities. Once inside, the Spanish easily captured and killed the emperors, removing the Aztec and Inca’s top rulers. The Spanish were aided by their superior weapons and armor. The horses that they brought from Europe also made a big difference in their military success. The Aztec and Inca did not have access to these items, nor had they seen them before. An unseen enemy of the native people was European diseases. Thousands died because they did not have immunity to them. Cortes and his conquistadors had the advantage of alliances with Aztec enemy tribes. These tribes fought alongside the Spanish, giving them more military strength than they would have had with the small numbers they had on their own.