Which event sparked the protest movement known as the Arab Spring?


a

A young man tragically killed himself in Tunisia.

b

Free speech was declared illegal in Iran.

c

Ayatollah Khomeini became the ruler of Iran.

d

The six states of the Arabian peninsula united.


What was one reform that helped transform Turkey in the 1920s?


a

The Arab League helped strengthen relations.

b

Oil deals were made with Western nations.

c

The nation granted women the right to vote.

d

Islamic laws and traditions were strictly upheld.


Why did Western nations become interested in Saudi Arabia during the twentieth century?


a

The nation set up European-style courts.

b

Saudi Arabia abandoned Islamic law.

c

Oil was discovered on the Arabian peninsula.

d

The country was becoming more modern.


In the 1970s, the shah of Iran was


a

returned to power by the CIA.

b

replaced with his son Mohammad.

c

given power and took control of Iran.

d

overthrown and sent into exile.


Today, the fundamentalist movement in the Middle East calls for


a

respect for the rights of minority groups.

b

an embrace of Western ideas and customs.

c

a move to freedom and equality for all.

d

adherence to Islamic political traditions.


How did Osama bin Laden form Al-Qaeda?


a

He recruited allies from Saudi Arabia and Yemen.

b

He chose soldiers who had fought for the Taliban.

c

He joined together several smaller terrorist groups.

d

He united Islamic fighters he met in Afghanistan.


Why did Saudi Arabia fear an Iraqi invasion?


a

Iraq attacked ships in Saudi Arabian waters.

b

Saudi Arabia was Kuwait’s closest ally.

c

Iraq invaded nearby Kuwait for its oil.

d

Iran and Iraq were at war near the Saudi border.


Arab forces most likely fought with the United States in the Gulf War because


a

they had a longstanding alliance with the United States

b

they wanted greater US influence in the Gulf.

c

they hoped to invade Iraq for its oil supplies.

d

they wanted to protect their own resources.


Why did Saddam Hussein use weapons of mass destruction against Kurdish people and Shiite Muslims?


a

They started a turf war within Iraq’s borders.

b

They plotted to give control of Iraq to Saudi Arabia.

c

They rebelled against Saddam Hussein’s rule.

d

They sided with Kuwait in the Persian Gulf War.