DNA polymerase I has 5′–3′ polymerase activity, 5′–3′ exonuclease activity, and 3′–5′exonuclease activity necessary for DNA replication. Mutations in the gene that encodes DNA polymerase I may cause the enzyme to lose these activities.
Match the consequence of a loss‑of‑function mutation in DNA polymerase I to the corresponding lost activity.

a) Lost 5′–3′ polymerase activity
b) Lost 5′–3′ exonuclease activity
c) Lost 3′–5′exonuclease activity

1. No RNA primer removal during DNA replication
2. Decreased polymerase fidelity
3. No double helix denaturation
4. Unstable strand separation within the replication bubble
5. No DNA synthesis to fill gaps caused by removing RNA primers

DNA polymerase I wouldn't have the ability to synthesize new DNA strands if the 5' -> 3' polymerase activity was lost. Loss of the 5' --> 3' exonuclease activity would cause the RNA primers used to initiate replication to not be removed by DNA polymerase I. 3'–5' exonuclease activity participates in DNA repair, meaning that the loss of 3'–5' exonuclease activity would cause decreased polymerase fidelity.

luisvaschetto luisvaschetto · Answer 2 · 2021-10-18T16:57:32+02:00

Lost 5′–3′ polymerase activity leads to 'no DNA synthesis to fill gaps caused by removing RNA primers'. Moreover, lost 5′–3′ exonuclease activity leads to 'no RNA primer removal during DNA replication'; whereas lost 3′–5′ exonuclease activity leads to a decreased polymerase fidelity.

In prokaryotic organisms, DNA polymerase I is an enzyme required during DNA replication.

The lost 5′–3′ polymerase activity (option a) leads to 'no DNA synthesis to fill gaps caused by removing RNA primers' (Option 5).

This enzyme (DNA polymerase I) catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the DNA strand.

Exonuclease activity refers to the removal of nucleotides at the ends of a polynucleotide chain (DNA strand).

The lost 5′–3′ exonuclease activity (option b) leads to 'no RNA primer removal during DNA replication' (Option 1).

This enzyme also connects the Okazaki fragments in the lagging DNA strand by deleting RNA primers and then replacing ribonucleotides with deoxyribonucleotides.

Finally, the lost 3′–5′ exonuclease activity (option c) leads to a decreased polymerase fidelity (Option 2).

The term 'polymerase fidelity' of a DNA polymerase refers to the accuracy in the process of DNA replication from a given template.

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