Respuesta :
Answer:
The process of glucose oxidation can be separated into four stages. The first stage, called Glyoclysis , occurs in the cytoplasm and is the only stage that can occur without Oxygen . The second stage, or the PyruvateOxidation , is the "link" to the third stage. This third stage, called the Citric acid cycle , is a circular metabolic pathway that takes place in the mitochondria. The final stage is the Oxidative Phosphorylation. It also occurs in the mitochondria and is involved in the transfer of energy from electron . The last three stages all require oxygen and are collectively referred to as Aerobic cellular respiration .
Explanation:
Cellular respiration is the sum of the various biochemical means that eukaryotic organisms employ to extract energy from food, specifically glucose molecules.
The cellular respiration process includes four basic stages or steps:
glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation.
Glycolysis. In glycolysis, glucose—a six-carbon sugar—undergoes a series of chemical transformations. In the end, it gets converted into two molecules of pyruvate, a three-carbon organic molecule.occurs in all organisms, prokaryotic and eukaryotic and does not require oxygen.
Pyruvate oxidation. Each pyruvate from glycolysis goes into the mitochondrial matrix—the innermost compartment of mitochondria. There, it’s converted into a two-carbon molecule bound to Coenzyme A, known as acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide is released and NADH is generated.It is also a link between citric acid cycle and glycolysis.
Citric acid cycle. The acetyl CoA made in the last step combines with a four-carbon molecule and goes through a cycle of reactions, ultimately regenerating the four-carbon starting molecule.
Oxidative Phosphorylation or Electron transport chain The fourth and final stage of cellular respiration is where the major energy "creation" is done. The electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are pulled from these molecules by enzymes in the mitochondrial membrane and used to drive a process called oxidative phosphorylation, wherein an electrochemical gradient driven by the released of the aforementioned electrons powers the addition of phosphate molecules to ADP to produce ATP.
The final three steps occur in aerobic respiration and occur in the presence of oxygen.
Answer:
Glycolysis which is the splitting of glucose molecules by phosphorylation to 2molecules of 3 carbon compounds called pyruvate. it occurs in the Cytosol of the cytoplasm the liquid layer with no organelles suspended.
It can occur in absence of oxygen The second stage or the intermediate stage is the formation of acety l -Co-A,, and it is called the link reaction stage.
The acetyl Co-A formed need to react with the oxaloacetate in the matrix of the mitochondria to produce series of compound needed for ATPs generation, the stage at which this occurs is called Citric acid cycle or Kreb's Cycle.
The final stage is the electron transport system.The products of Kreb cycle are needed for further production of ATPs in larger amounts, Energy from NADHand FADH2 are transported into the matrix of the mitochondria.
The hydrogen atoms they are binded with are split into electrons and protons, the protons are pumped by proton motive force(PMF), into the intramembranes,which set up electrochemical gradient as they diffused down the gradients into the matrix to generate energy by ATPase , for synthesis of ATPs. The electron are transported by protein in the mitochondria to form gradient of electrons in chains.
These stages are aerobic respiration because they require energy,which act s as the final oxygen acceptor.
Explanation:
