Respuesta :
Answer:
2. Sudden removal of CSF results in pressures lower in the lumbar area than the brain and favors herniation of the brain; therefore, LP is contraindicated with increased ICP. Vomiting may be caused by reasons other than increased ICP; therefore, LP isn’t strictly contraindicated. An LP may be preformed on clients needing mechanical ventilation. Blood in the CSF is diagnostic for subarachnoid hemorrhage and was obtained before signs and symptoms of ICP.2) A client with a subdural hematoma becomes restless and confused, with dilation of the ipsilateral pupil. The physician orders mannitol for which of the following reasons?1.To reduce intraocular pressure2.To prevent acute tubular necrosis3.To promote osmotic diuresis to decrease ICP4.To draw water into the vascular system to increase blood pressure3. Mannitol promotes osmotic diuresis by increasing the pressure gradient, drawing fluid from intracellular to intravascular spaces. Although mannitol is used for all the reasons described, the reduction of ICP in this client is a concern.3) A client with subdural hematoma was given mannitol to decrease intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following results would best show the mannitol was effective?1.Urine output increases2.Pupils are 8 mm and nonreactive3.Systolic blood pressure remains at 150 mm Hg4.ICP level of 124. Mannitol promotes osmotic diuresis by increasing the pressure gradient in the renal tubes, so urine output would increase; however, the reason mannitol was given was to decrease ICP. An ICP level of 12 is within normal limits. Fixed and dilated pupils are symptoms of increased ICP or cranial nerve damage. No information is given that mannitol is being given for renal dysfunction or blood pressure maintenance.
4) Which of the following values is considered normal for ICP?
Explanation:
