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Describe the role of restriction enzymes and DNA ligase in the process of making recombinant plasmids during the process of plasmid DNA transformation.

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Answer:

In many cases, cloning involves inserting the gene into a piece of circular DNA called a plasmid, which can be copied in bacteria. ... If two DNA molecules have matching ends, they can be joined by the enzyme DNA ligase. DNA ligase seals the gap between the molecules, forming a single piece of DNA.

Role of restriction enzymes:

  1. A restriction enzyme is an enzyme isolated from bacteria that cuts DNA molecules at specific sequences.
  2. The isolation of these enzymes was critical to the development of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology and genetic engineering.

Functions:

  1. It is mainly protection against foreign genetic material especially against bacteriophage DNA.
  2. These enzymes are recombination and transposition.
  3. If two pieces of DNA have matching ends, ligase can link them to form a single, unbroken molecule of DNA. In DNA cloning, restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are used to insert genes and other pieces of DNA into plasmids.

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