Answer:
The correct answer is letter "D": Utilitarianism.
Explanation:
Utilitarianism is a theory of philosophy that emphasizes optimizing the use of resources for most people in a society. British philosophers Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) in "Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation" (1789) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) in "Utilitarianism" (1863) were the most important characters who proposed this idea.
Then, utilitarianism should be applied to carry out cost-benefit analysis and risk management to balance all of a company's social gains and costs.