A common heavy element in a star is carbon. The first stage in the life cycle of a massive star is a Nebula. Spectral lines are useful for classifying stars because they show the composition of a star
Question 1 asks which of the elements listed is a heavy element in a star. Stars often contain a mixture of light elements like
and can contain heavier elements as well, in much smaller amounts. Such elements include
Since the question asks for a heavy element and carbon is the only heavy element on the list, this is the answer.
Massive stars first form a large cloud of dust known as a Nebula gets accumulates so much mass that its own gravity makes it collapse and causes nuclear fusion to begin in its core. These stars then expand greatly becoming Red Giants. Once a star has no more fuel to sustain the nuclear fusion that drives it, it often condenses into a white dwarf. If the star is massive enough to cause a supernova explosion when it dies, a black hole can often be formed.
Spectral lines tell us many things about stars, such as energy levels output by a star, how fast the star is moving or what elements make up the star. This technique is not needed or used to indicate a stars' location or age and provides information on the outermost layer of a star, which can allow us to infer the composition.
All elements listed are often found in a star, but the only heavy element listed is carbon. Massive stars can often go through all of the life cycles listed, but they all begin as nebulas. Spectral lines allow us to know the composition of a star.
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