Answer:
- Third choice: Component P, because being supported by ample evidence is a characteristic of a theory.
Explanation:
1. The non overlapping section in Component P is labeled, it has been proven empirically.
This section is referring to theories.
A theory is a a well-founded explanation, supported by extensive evidence, that has not been disapproved by other evidence.
"Proven empirically" does not mean a complete or formal proof. Theories cannot be formally proven, they are just supported by the evidence, and are subject to possible rejection or mofication if new evidence contradicts previous evidence.
When a lot of evidence supports an explanation then it is approved by the scientific community and is said that it is "proven empirically".
2. The non overlapping section in Component Q is labeled, it has not yet been proved or disproved.
This section is referred to hypothesis.
Hypothesis are assumptions, a possible explanation that has not been accepted or rejected. It is like and educated guess.
3. In the overlapping section between the two circles is labeled it is a part of the scientific method.
Both hypothesis and theories are part of the scientific method.
As said, hypothesis have not been either approved or rejected, thus hypothesis do not have power to eplain a scientific phenomenum. Hypothesis must be subject to experimentation to search for evidence. They are jsut tentative explanations, not evidence by themself.
Then, theories, which are the section labeled component P, is likely to be more powerful in explaining a scientific phenomenon, because being supported by ample evidence is a characteristic of a theory.
