By electromagnetic induction this produces an alternating voltage (and current) in the secondary coil
Explanation:
Electromagnetic induction is a phenomenon that occurs when there is a change in the magnetic flux through a coil: when this happens, an electromotive force (which is equivalent to a voltage) is induced in the coil, according to Faraday's equation
[tex]\epsilon = - \frac{N\Delta \Phi}{\Delta t}[/tex]
where
[tex]\Delta \Phi[/tex] is the change in magnetic flux through the coil
N is the number of turns in the coil
[tex]\Delta t[/tex] is the time interval
If the coil is a closed circuit, also, a current is induced in the coil.
This phenomenon finds application in the transformers. A transformer consists of two coils wrapped around a soft iron core. An alternating current is applied to the first coil (called primary coil), and this produces a variable magnetic field that is "trapped" inside the iron core and "brought" to the secondary coil. Since the magnetic field is variable, there is a continuous change in the magnetic flux through the secondary coil, and therefore an induced alternating electromotive force (voltage) is produced in the coil, and since the coil is closed, also a current.
The equation that relates the voltages in the primary and secondary coil of a transformer is:
[tex]\frac{V_1}{N_1}=\frac{V_2}{N_2}[/tex]
where
[tex]V_1, V_2[/tex] are the voltages in the primary and secondary coil
[tex]N_1, N_2[/tex] are the number of turns in the primary and secondary coil
Learn more about magnetic fields:
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