Answer:
Sodium atom lose one valance electron and form cation with charge of +1.
Chlorine atom gain one electron and form the anion with charge of -1.
Explanation:
Neutral atom loses are gains the the electrons and form ions.
There are two types of ions. Cation and anion
Cation:
When a neutral atom lose electron it form cation. The charge gained by atom is depending upon how many electrons are lost by atom. For example,
X → X⁺ + e⁻
In case of sodium:
Na → Na⁺ + e⁻
Anion:
When a neutral atom gain electron it form anion. The charge gained by atom is depending upon how many electrons are gained by atom. For example,
X + e⁻ → X⁻
In case of chlorine:
Cl + e⁻ → Cl⁻
