The primary winding has more coils than the secondary winding
Explanation:
A transformer is a device consisting of two coils (called primary and secondary coil) wrapped around a soft iron core. As the primary coil is connected to alternate voltage, a variable magnetic field inside the iron core is produced; the lines of this field cut also the secondary coil, and due to the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, an e.m.f is produced in the secondary coil (so, an alternate voltage).
The voltages in the two coils are related by the transformer equation:
[tex]\frac{V_1}{V_2}=\frac{N_1}{N_2}[/tex] (1)
where
[tex]V_1[/tex] is the voltage in the primary coil
[tex]V_2[/tex] is the voltage in the secondary coil
[tex]N_1[/tex] is the number of turns in the primary coil
[tex]N_2[/tex] is the number of turns in the secondary coil
In a step-down transformer, the voltage in the secondary coil is lower than the voltage in the primary coil (they are used to decrease the voltage in input), therefore:
[tex]\frac{V_1}{V_2}>1[/tex]
which means, according to eq.(1),
[tex]\frac{N_1}{N_2}>1[/tex]
So
[tex]N_2<N_1[/tex]
Therefore the correct answer is
The primary winding has more coils than the secondary winding.
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