Dissatisfied with the absolutist rule of King James II of England. and no less by his Catholicism and measures aimed at strengthening the position of Catholics, seven English bishops made a call in 1688 to the Dutch governor William III Orange, otherwise the king's son-in-law, to oust his father-in-law from the throne. William's march to England, called the Glorious Revolution, was successful as all Protestant commanders crossed over to his side, and soon all Protestant nobility. James II. tried to save himself by jumping into the River Thames, but was caught. William of Orange let him go to France, from which he only once made a serious attempt to regain the throne, in 1689, by landing in Ireland.
Explanation:
- Before William took over the throne, the House of Commons of England prepared a Bill of Rights, which consisted of two parts: a detailed list of all the errors of King James II. and 13 provisions imposing restrictions on the king's power and authority.
- On February 13, 1689, William, unlawfully, called a parliament and announced that James II. escaping, in fact, abdicated. He proclaimed the throne vacant and offered it to his wife Mary II, Jacob's daughter, bypassing Jacob's younger son Jacob.
- An official of the House of Lords read the Bill in Parliament and asked William and Mary if they were ready to take the throne on condition that the Bill was accepted. The Declaration of Rights is enshrined in the Charter of Rights, which received the King's assent on December 16, 1689.
- Starting with the unlawful practice of King James, which "sought to undermine and destroy the Protestant religion, laws, and freedoms of this kingdom," law, limits the king's right to impose new taxes, affirms the right of appeal, guarantees free elections and free speech in parliament, restricts the king's right to keep the army in peacetime, establishes unlawful imposition of excessive fines and bail, and cruel punishment, etc. crosses the throne of England because "experience has shown that it is incompatible with the safety and well-being of this Protestant Kingdom to be led by a papist prince." Therefore, William II. and Mary II named heirs of James II, and the throne passes from them to Mary's heirs, then to her sister, Princess Anne of Denmark and her heirs.
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