Which of the following includes the cerebral cortex, thalamus, limbic system, and basal ganglia and governs functions such as learning, emotions, appetite, and consciousness?
The part of the brain that includes all of the things that you've mentioned (so the cerebral cortex, thalamus, limbic system, and basal ganglia, etc.) would be the forebrain.
The forebrain is an integral part of our brain and also at the same time the youngest part of our brain.