In the current year, Robert pays $8,000 to become a charter member of Paine University's Athletic Council. The membership ensures that Robert will receive choice seating at all of Paine's home basketball games. Also this year, Robert pays $2,200 (the regular retail price) for season tickets for himself and his wife. For these items, how much qualifies as a charitable contribution?

a. $6,400
b. $8,000
c. $10,200
d. $0