Answer:
Gd → Gd⁺ + 1e⁻, Gd⁺ → Gd⁺² + 1e⁻, Gd⁺² → Gd⁺³ + 1e⁻
Explanation:
The ionization energy is the energy necessary to remove one electron of the atom, transforming it in a cation. The first ionization energy is the energy necessary to remove the first electron, the second energy, to remove the second electron, and then successively.
Thus, for gadolinium (Gd)
Fisrt ionization:
Gd → Gd⁺ + 1e⁻
Second ionization:
Gd⁺ → Gd⁺² + 1e⁻
Third ionization:
Gd⁺² → Gd⁺³ + 1e⁻
The equations that show the processes that describe the first, second, and third ionization energies for a gaseous gadolinium atom are as follows;
The ionization energy of an atom is the quantity of energy required to completely remove an electron from the outermost shell of the atom.
In essence;
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