Answer: media were monopolized and controlled by the state (usually ministries of propaganda). Ministries of propaganda usually manipulated thinking of the population using slogans and images that promoted "nation", "national identity", "racial identity", "state ideology", one-party system (usually dictators were supported by one party, state-party). During 1930s and 1940s radio was very much used to manipulate populations, but also cinema. Ministries were able to to get under control intellectuals and artists to serve them and help them elaborate very functional and effective strategies of manipulation.
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