Adaptation
Adaption is the biological process by nature of fitting an organism to its environment.
The finches on the different islands share the same ancestral population that migrated to the Galapagos Islands. However, due to the different environmental conditions on the different islands, the population adapted variably to enable them survive on their respective islands.
Explanation:
Adaptation occurs by natural selection pressures on a population. The individuals with desired traits are more likely to reach maturity and pass down their genes the next generation (due to competition for resources). Therefore, over generation, there will be more and more individuals with these desired traits and fewer and fewer with undesirable traits. The population, therefore, evolves with time. In the case of the Finches this is called divergent evolution/radiation.
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