1. Which step begins the process of translation?

A ribosome reads the codon sequence at the 5' end of mRNA.

The ribosome releases the protein and detaches from the mRNA.

A stop codon indicates the end of the polypeptide.

tRNA connects an amino acid to the ribosome

2. What initiates translation?

tRNA brings the first amino acid to the protein chain

a ribosome detaches from the mRNA strand

a ribosome reads a start codon

mRNA leaves the nucleus for the cytoplasm

Translation begins with the formation of a translation complex. The mRNA binds to the smaller then bigger subunits of the ribosome. The smaller subunit is the part that reads the mRNA from 5’ to 3’ end while the larger subunit is where the formation of the protein occurs. A methionine amino acid (coded by start codon) is brought in by a tRNA as the first amino acid to initiate translation.

Explanation:

As the mRNA is read in 3 nucleotide sequences, called codons, a tRNA with a complementary anticodon to the codon is recruited. The tRNA brings in the respective amino acid to the A site of the ribosomes (on the larger subunit). The amino acid is then joined to the growing polypeptide on the P site. The ribosome translocated, towards the 3’ end of the mRNA, to the next codon and this action dislodges the empty tRNA at the E site.

This continues until the ribosome reads a strop codon that does not code for an amino acid. This dislodges the ribosomes from teh translation complex and the translation process ends.

Learn More:

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