Many power plants produce energy by burning carbon-based fuels, which also produces carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, so over-production can have negative effects on the environment. Use enthalpy of formation data to calculate the number of moles of CO2(g) produced per megajoule of heat released from the combustion of each fuel under standard conditions (1 atm and 25 �C).Each must be in mol * MJ^-1(a) coal, C(s, graphite)(b) natural gas, CH4(g);(c) propane, C3H8(g);(d) octane, C8H18(l) (?Hf� = �250.1 kJ �mol^�1).

The enthalpy of a reaction is the sum of the enthalpy of the products (each one multiplied by the number of moles) less the sum of the enthalpy of the reactants (each one multiplied by the number of moles). The ΔH°f for simple substances (with one atom) is 0. The combustion is the reaction between the fuel and the oxygen.

a) The combution reaction is:

C(s) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g)

ΔH°rxn = -393.5 kJ/mol = -393.5x10⁻³ MJ/mol

Number of moles per MJ released: 1/|ΔH°rxn|

n = 1/(393.5x10⁻³) = 2.541 mol/MJ

b) The combustion reaction is:

CH₄(g) + 2O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l)

H₂O is in the liquid state because it's at 1 atm and 25ºC.

ΔH°f, H₂O(l) = -285.3 kJ/mol

ΔH°f, O₂(g) = 0

ΔH°f, CH₄(g) = -74.8 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = [2*(-285.3 ) + 1*(-393.5)] - [1*(-74.8)]

ΔH°rxn = -889.3 kJ/mol = -889.3x10⁻³ MJ/mol

n = 1/889.3x10⁻³ = 1.124 mol/MJ

c) C₃H₈(g) + 10O₂(g) → 3CO₂(g) + 4H₂O(l)

ΔH°f,C₃H₈(g) = -25.2 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = [4*(-285.3) + 3*(-393.5)] - [1*(-25.2)]

ΔH°rxn = -2,296.5 kJ/mol = -2.2965 MJ/mol

n = 1/2.2965 = 0.4354 mol/MJ

d) C₈H₁₈(l) + (25/2)O₂(g) → 8CO₂(g) + 9H₂O(l)

ΔH°f, C₈H₁₈(l) = -250.1 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = [9*(-283.5) + 8*(-393.5)] - [1*(-250.1)]

ΔH°rxn = -5,449.4 kJ/mol = -5.4494 MJ/mol

n = 1/5.4494 = 0.1835 mol/MJ

throwdolbeau throwdolbeau · Answer 2 · 2022-02-19T05:33:54+01:00

Enthalpy of formation for each reaction will be:

a) 2.541 mol/MJ;

b) 1.124 mol/MJ;

c) 0.4354 mol/MJ;

d) 0.1835 mol/MJ

Enthalpy of formation:

The standard enthalpy of formation of a substance is the enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mole of the substance is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states.

Enthalpy of a reaction:

It is the sum of the enthalpy of the products less the sum of the enthalpy of the reactants.

The ΔH°f for simple substances (with one atom) is 0. The combustion is the reaction between the fuel and the oxygen. The enthalpy of formation (ΔH°f) is the enthalpy of a reaction to form a compound by its constituents.

a) The combustion reaction for coal will be:

C(s) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g)For CO₂,

ΔH°f = - 393.5 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = -393.5 kJ/mol = -393.5x10⁻³ MJ/mol

Number of moles per MJ released: [tex]1/\triangle H^0_{rxn}n = 1/(393.5*10^{-3}) = 2.541 mol/MJ[/tex]

b) The combustion reaction for natural gas will be:

CH₄(g) + 2O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l)

H₂O is in the liquid state because it's at 1 atm and 25ºC.

ΔH°f, H₂O(l) = -285.3 kJ/molΔH°f, O₂(g) = 0

ΔH°f, CH₄(g) = -74.8 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = [2*(-285.3 ) + 1*(-393.5)] - [1*(-74.8)]

[tex]\triangle H^0_{rxn} = -889.3 kJ/mol = -889.3*10^{-3} MJ/mol\\\\n = 1/889.3*10^{-3} = 1.124 mol/MJ[/tex]

c) The combustion reaction for propane will be:

C₃H₈(g) + 10O₂(g) → 3CO₂(g) + 4H₂O(l)

ΔH°f,C₃H₈(g) = -25.2 kJ/mo

lΔH°rxn = [4*(-285.3) + 3*(-393.5)] - [1*(-25.2)]

[tex]\triangle H^0_{rxn} = -2,296.5 kJ/mol = -2.2965 MJ/mol\\\\n = 1/2.2965 = 0.4354 mol/MJ[/tex]

d) The combustion reaction for octane will be:

C₈H₁₈(l) + (25/2)O₂(g) → 8CO₂(g) + 9H₂O(l)

ΔH°f, C₈H₁₈(l) = -250.1 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = [9*(-283.5) + 8*(-393.5)] - [1*(-250.1)]

[tex]\triangle H^0_{rxn}=-5,449.4 kJ/mol = -5.4494 MJ/mol\\\\n = 1/5.4494 = 0.1835 mol/MJ[/tex]

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