Answer: Only option 'a' are independent events.
Step-by-step explanation:
Since we have given that
8 × 8 chess board.
(a) A = {white square}; B = {black square}.
Since no white squares can be black squares.
So, A and B are independent events .
(b) A = {even row}; B = {even column}.
There is possibilities of even row and even column both.
i.e. (2,2) (2,4) etc.
So, A and B are not dependent.
(c) A = {white square}; B = {even column}.
Since there are possibilities of white square of even column.
W2, W4, W6, W8
So, they are not independent.
Hence, only option 'a' are independent events.