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Ralph has a confederate cut in front of a person who is second or ninth in line at a grocery store checkout counter. He then records the number of verbal responses toward the confederate as a measure of aggression. The manipulation employed in this study is an example of a _____ manipulation.
A. sequential
B. staged
C. straightforward
D. dependent

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Answer: B.

The manipulation employed is an example of a "staged" manipulation.

Explanation:

Staged manipulation or event manipulation occurs when a researcher constructs circumstances or events during an experiment so he can successfully manipulate the independent variable.

A confederate is an accomplice of the researcher, put in place by the researcher to act as a participant in an experiment.

By intentionally asking a confederate to cut in front of someone in line, and then recording the number of verbal reactions towards the confederate as a measure of aggression, Ralph has carried out a staged manipulation.

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