How many homologous chromosome alignments are possible for independent assortment during meiosis

All the genetic information within the eukaryotic cell is stored within the nucleus as helical DNA. This DNA is tightly wound around histones as chromosomes. To produce daughter cells during cell division, the chromosomes (total number of chromosomes (2n)) are copied before the cell splits into two daughter cells. This process is known as mitosis, and occurs in cell division and growth processes. Two new nuclei are formed, along with identical cells. These are the same as the parent cell and the chromosome number (2n) is maintained.

Conversely in meiosis, the number of chromosomes (2n) is halved through meiotic divisions, producing 4 (n) germ cells (sperm or eggs), each containing half the number of chromosomes as its parent cell.

In crossing over, the exchange of segments of chromosome, between non-sister homologous or similar chromatids crossing over happens at chiasmata, the point where non-sister chromosomes are joined...

independent assortment in metaphase I of meiosis: chromosomes align independently and genes segregate independently into new combinations- there are two possibilities of arrangement for the chromosome pair at the metaphase plate
the principle of independent assortment determines that multiple (more than 2) individual characteristics assort independently and two distinct traits may have equal chances of occuring together
the chromosome pairs form haploid cells which are randomized arrangements of homologous chromosomes.

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