Explanation:
Functions of proteins include:
- forming the structure of the cell membrane
- transporting substance
- building and repairing cells
Further Explanation:
Proteins are structural support molecules comprised of long chains of amino acids joined via peptide (CONH) bonds; these are 20 specific units that are arranged into several macromolecules. Amino acids are absorbed through digestion and are incorporated into the body’s cells to build and repair organs, muscles, signal molecules and an alternative energy source.
Transmembrane proteins are embedded within the membrane from the extracellular fluid to the cytoplasm, and are sometimes attached to glycoproteins (proteins attached to carbohydrates) which function as cell surface markers. Carrier proteins and channel proteins are the two major classes of membrane transport proteins; these allow the transport of large molecules called solutes (including essential biomolecules) to cross the membrane. Carrier proteins (also called carriers, permeases, or transporters) bind the specific solute to be transported and undergo a series of conformational changes to transfer the bound solute across the membrane. Others cross the membrane through the process of endocytosis, which utilizes membrane-bound organelles for transport.
In specific cell types, collected proteins may function as a unit called an organelle. Some organelles are bound by membranes like those that make up the external structure of the cell, with varying compositions of phospholipids and proteins. These are advantageous, as they
- may increase metabolic reaction efficiency;
- they allow cells to concentrate smaller fractions of enzymes (specialized proteins) and solutes separate proteins and molecules that may harm the cells by parceling them into membrane-bound organelles
- for example, hydrolytic enzymes concentrated within vacuoles may degrade macromolecules like DNA and RNA within the cytoplasm.
Learn more about membrane components at brainly.com/question/1971706
Learn more about plasma membrane transport at brainly.com/question/11410881
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