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Researchers have found that animals show evidence of classical conditioning if they are injected with a drug that chemically causes immunosuppression while they are simultaneously drinking an unusual-tasting liquid. In these studies, the conditioned response would be: a. the immunosuppression. b. the injection of the drug. c. the taste of the liquid that is used. d. fear of the injection process.

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Answer: alternative D.

Explanation: The animals that go through this process understand that everytime they drink the unusual-tasting liquid they will be injected, being that a very unpleasant series of events. They are conditioned, therefore, to be afraid of the unpleasantness of this process by associating pain to the actions that are part of it.