Explanation:
- Cytoplasm: contains the cytosol, microfilaments and other support structures in the cytoskeleton; it holds parts of the cell together
- Cell wall: the rigid outer layer of the cell; this forms a protective wall made mostly of cellulose, a structural carbohydrate. It maintains the shape of the cell by preventing water loss
- Vacuole: a phospholipid membrane bound organelle… plays a structural role in the cell; supports the cell membrane by exerting turgor pressure
Further Explanation:
Arranged in a phospholipid bilayer, the cell membrane is semi-permeable; allowing entry into the extracellular fluid or the cytoplasm which are both hydrophilic and contain large concentrations of polar water molecules or other water-soluble compounds. The hydrophilic heads of the bilayer are attracted to water while their water-repellent hydrophobic tails face towards each other- allowing molecules of water and hydrophilic molecules to move across the membrane along the concentration gradient.
Organelles are made up of material similar to the lipid bilayer. Their structural components (i.e. their makeup) determine their function (what they do) . For instance, photosynthesizing cells in algae and plants have structures called chloroplasts. These contain chlorophyll, a specialized compound which facilitates the conversion of light energy to energy stored in carbohydrates. In specific cell types, collected proteins may function as a unit called an organelle. Some organelles are bound by membranes like those that make up the external structure of the cell, with varying compositions of phospholipids and proteins. These are advantageous, as they:
- may increase metabolic reaction efficiency; they allow cells to concentrates smaller fractions of enzymes and solutes
- separate proteins and molecules that me harm the cell by parceling them into membrane-bound organelles for example, proteaseas bound within lysosomes can break down many structural proteins
More specifically some organelles like vacuoles play a structural role in the cell; supports the cell membrane by exerting turgor pressure.
Other structures also play important support roles:
- Cell wall: a rigid outer layer made up of structural carbohydrates and proteins, forms a protective wall. It maintains the shape of the cell by preventing water loss
- Cytoplasm: contains the cytosol, microfilaments and other support structures in the cytoskeleton; it holds parts of the cell together
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