Hoffman and Bateson state that effective reward systems (for service employees) must pass seven tests. One of these is the __________ test. Basically, this test is meant to guarantee that if rewards are given to the wrong people for the wrong reason, those rewards will not be lifelong. Bonuses, for example, are single occurrences whereas a salary increase tends to be forever. Thus, a bonus will pass this test, but a salary increase will not.