Answer:
responded to the upheaval caused by scientific and evolutionary thought
Explanation:
i read it in the text, here is the part from my lesson.
"NATURALISM IN THE SHORT STORY
Naturalism is a response to the upheaval brought about by the modern scientific revolution and the proposal of Darwinian evolution. Some naturalistic novels emphasize the idea that the human person is determined by his biology. Because of the naturalistic belief that life has evolved biologically through the "survival of the fittest," the person is viewed primarily as an animal fighting a never-ending battle for survival. Naturalistic novels portray the human person as a product of his environment—whether that environment be nature, society, or economics. The person is a victim of forces that cannot be controlled or fully understood. The naturalistic writer attempts to be objective, neither condemning nor praising the person's struggle. The author is pessimistic about the whole of life, however, because he or she sees it as a cruel trap that is beyond control of the individual will." OW Lesson
