Answer:
As consequence of the Taylor theorem with integral remainder we have that
[tex]f(x) = f(a) + f'(a)(x-a) + \frac{f''(a)}{2!}(x-a)^2 + \cdots + \frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}(x-a)^n + \int^a_x f^{(n+1)}(t)\frac{(x-t)^n}{n!}dt[/tex]
If we ask that [tex]f[/tex] has continuous [tex](n+1)[/tex]th derivative we can apply the mean value theorem for integrals. Then, there exists [tex]c[/tex] between [tex]a[/tex] and [tex]x[/tex] such that
[tex] \int^a_x f^{(n+1)}(t)\frac{(x-t)^k}{n!}dt = \frac{f^{(n+1)}(c)}{n!} \int^a_x (x-t)^n d t = \frac{f^{(n+1)}(c)}{n!} \frac{(x-t)^{n+1}}{n+1}\Big|_a^x[/tex]
Hence,
[tex] \int^a_x f^{(n+1)}(t)\frac{(x-t)^k}{n!}d t = \frac{f^{(n+1)}(c)}{n!} \frac{(x-t)^{(n+1)}}{n+1} = \frac{f^{(n+1)}(c)}{(n+1)!}(x-a)^{n+1} .[/tex]
Thus,
[tex] \int^a_x f^{(n+1)}(t)\frac{(x-t)^k}{n!}d t = \frac{f^{(n+1)}(c)}{(n+1)!}(x-a)^{n+1} [/tex]
and the Taylor theorem with Lagrange remainder is
[tex] f(x) = f(a) + f'(a)(x-a) + \frac{f''(a)}{2!}(x-a)^2 + \cdots + \frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}(x-a)^n + \frac{f^{(n+1)}(c)}{(n+1)!}(x-a)^{n+1}[/tex].
Step-by-step explanation:
