Answer: The data are quantitative because they consist of counts or measurements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The definition of quantitative data says that if we can count or measure some thing in our data such as number of apples on each bag , length, width, etc then the data is said to be quantitative.
On the other hand in qualitative data we can obverse characteristics and features but can't be counted or measured such as honesty , color, tastes etc.
Given : In studying different societies, an archaeologist measures head circumferences of skulls.
Since here we are measuring circumferences of skulls, therefor it comes under quantitative data.
Hence, the correct answer is : The data are quantitative because they consist of counts or measurements.